Apparatus for burning fuel

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to firing technology and can be employed in the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel in gas turbine plants, gas-steam plants, boilers, and other thermal plants. 
     The fuel and the air enter the combustion chamber via a fuel-air inlet port. The delivery of fuel can be done by means of injecting the liquid or gaseous fuel via a nozzle. The fuel-air mixture occurs in the inlet port. Upon the tangential entrance of the fuel-air mixture from the inlet port into the combustion chamber, the swirl is effected in the combustion chamber, and the mixture is combusted. The combustion residues, because of the disposition of the inlet port at a tangent to the combustion chamber, are set into rotary motion. The hollow cone is oriented and disposed with its tip toward the combustion chamber and contributes to forming a swirl angle of the combustion residues. A confusor increases the flow resistance, and consequently the pressure in the combustion chamber increases. This leads to an increase in the speed of the chemical reactions and an increase in the temperature of the combustion residues.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a national stage patent application arising from PCT/IB2013/001160 filed on Jun. 4, 2013, and referenced in WIPO Publication No. WO2013/190352. The earliest priority date claimed is Jun. 21, 2012.

FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH

None

SEQUENCE LISTING OR PROGRAM

None

BACKGROUND

The invention relates to an apparatus for fuel combustion as generically defined by the preamble to claim 1.

The invention can be employed in firing technology and serves to combust hydrocarbon fuel in gas turbine plants, gas-steam plants, boilers, and other thermal plants.

From Russian Patent Disclosure RU 2333422, a vortex burner is known. The vortex burner includes a housing with a tangential inlet port and an axial exhaust port and a vortex chamber enclosed therein. The vortex chamber includes tangential blade vortex generators, connected in succession and disposed coaxially, with an end wall which is provided with an axial window and a nozzle. Between the walls of the exhaust port and the nozzle, an annular passage is embodied. An ignition unit is built into the housing.

The disadvantage of this known technical embodiment is a considerable flow resistance to the motion of the fuel-air mixture in the vortex chamber, which is generated by the blade vortex generator. As a result, the load on the electric fan is increased.

The closest prior art (prototype) to the invention of the present application is an apparatus for fuel combustion (Russian Patent RU 100185). The apparatus for fuel combustion has an end wall, a first cylindrical wall, a first conical wall, an inlet port, a second cylindrical wall, a second conical wall, and an ignition means. The first cylindrical wall is embodied as round. The first conical wall is embodied as the jacket face of a truncated cone. The first cylindrical wall is connected on one end to the first conical wall on the end having the greatest diameter. The first cylindrical wall and the first conical wall are disposed coaxially. The end face is connected to the first cylindrical wall at its edge, specifically on the end that is opposite the first conical wall. The ignition means is located in a hollow chamber, which is embodied by the first cylindrical wall and the end wall. The inlet port is connected tangentially to the first cylindrical wall. At the connection point of the inlet port to the first cylindrical wall, the first opening is embodied. The second cylindrical wall is connected to the first conical wall on the end of its lesser diameter. The second conical wall on the side of the greater diameter, on the other hand, is connected to the second cylindrical wall. The second cylindrical wall and the second conical wall are disposed coaxially to the first cylindrical wall. The end face is embodied as a circle.

The disadvantage of this prototype is the long persistence of the combustion residues during their swirling motion in the chamber. This causes overheating of the combustion chamber and diminishes the useful effect of the apparatus for fuel combustion.

It is the object of the invention to enhance the useful effect in combusting the combustion residues in the combustion chamber.

This object is attained by the features of claim 1.

SUMMARY

The apparatus of the invention for fuel combustion has an end wall, a first cylindrical wall, a first conical wall, a fuel-air inlet port, a second cylindrical wall, a second conical wall, and an ignition means. The first cylindrical wall is embodied as round. The first conical wall is embodied as the jacket face of a truncated cone. The first cylindrical wall is connected on one end to the first conical wall on the end of its greater diameter. The first cylindrical wall and the first conical wall are disposed coaxially. The end wall is connected to the first cylindrical wall along its edge on the end which is opposite the first conical wall. The ignition means is located in the fuel-air inlet port. The fuel-air inlet port is connected tangentially to the first cylindrical wall. The first opening is embodied at the connection point of the fuel-air inlet port and the first cylindrical wall. The second conical wall is connected on the end of its greater diameter to the second cylindrical wall. The second cylindrical wall and the second conical wall are coaxial with the first cylindrical wall. The end face is embodied circularly. The edge of the first conical wall having the lesser diameter is connected to the second cylindrical wall in the middle part of its outer surface. The second cylindrical wall is divided into an inner part and an outer part. The inner part is embodied by a region of the second cylindrical wall extending from the edge of the second cylindrical wall to the connection with the first cylindrical wall. This edge is located in a hollow chamber, which is embodied by the first cylindrical wall, the first conical wall, and the hollow cone. The outer part is embodied by a region of the second cylindrical wall from the connection with the first conical wall to the connection to the second conical wall. The cylindrical hollow chamber is embodied by a third cylindrical wall and the second cylindrical wall. The hollow cone is embodied by the jacket face of the cone and the end wall.

Further advantageous embodiments of the apparatus can be learned from the dependent claims.

DRAWINGS

One exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings. In them:

FIG. 1 shows a view of the apparatus from the outside;

FIG. 2 shows the apparatus in cross section; an

FIG. 3 shows the apparatus in longitudinal section.

In the drawings, the reference numerals have the following meanings:

1 the end wall

2 the first opening

3 the combustion chamber

4 the ignition means

5 the conical part

6 the cylindrical part

7 the confusor

8 the second opening

9 the second conical wall

10 the second cylindrical wall

11 the first conical wall

12 the first cylindrical wall

13 the flows of the fuel-air mixture

14 the fuel-air inlet port

15 the nozzle

16 the inner part

17 the outer part

18 the outlet port

19 the third cylindrical wall

20 the cylindrical hollow chamber

21 the inlet port

22 the insulation material

23 the hollow cone

24 the inlet port

25 the outlet port

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The primary components of the apparatus are the combustion chamber 3, the hollow cone 23, the conical part 5, the cylindrical part 6 having the inner part 16 and the outer part 17, and the confusor 7. The inside faces of the apparatus are oriented toward one another and toward the axis of the apparatus. The outer faces of the apparatus are turned outward from the apparatus, that is, away from the axis of the apparatus.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 stands for the end wall of the apparatus, and reference numeral 2 stands for the first opening into the fuel-air inlet port 14.

The combustion chamber 3 is a hollow chamber, which is embodied by the first cylindrical wall 12 and the hollow cone 23. The first cylindrical wall 12 embodied in accordance with the shape of the cylindrical surface. In an individual case, it can be circular. The first cylindrical wall 12 is joined at the edges to the hollow cone 23.

The tip of the hollow cone 23 is oriented toward the combustion chamber 3 along the axis of the first cylindrical wall 12. The hollow cone 23 is joined in airtight fashion at its circumference to the first cylindrical wall 12. The first cylindrical wall 12 is joined, at the edge opposite the hollow cone 23, to the first conical wall 11.

The first conical wall 11 forms the conical part 5. The first conical wall 11 is embodied as the jacket face of a truncated cone. The greater diameter of the first conical wall 11 is equal to the diameter of the first cylindrical wall 12. The lesser diameter of the first conical wall 11 is equal to the diameter of the second cylindrical wall 10, which described below. The conical part 5 is located coaxially to the combustion chamber 3. The first conical wall 11 is joined in airtight fashion by its edge having the greater diameter to the first cylindrical wall 12. The first conical wall 11 is joined by its edge having the lesser diameter to the outer surface of the second cylindrical wall 10, specifically in the middle part of the second cylindrical wall 10.

The second cylindrical wall 10 forms the cylindrical hollow chamber 20 having the third cylindrical wall 19. The upper and lower parts of the third cylindrical wall 19 are joined to the outlet port 18 and to the inlet port 21.

The second cylindrical wall 10 forms the cylindrical part 6. The second cylindrical wall 10 is embodied as a circular cylindrical surface. The diameter of the outer surface of the second cylindrical wall 10 is embodied such that the first conical wall 11 can be connected to it by its edge having the lesser diameter of the first conical wall 11. The part of the second cylindrical wall 10 is located in the combustion chamber 3 and the conical part 5 and forms the inner part 16 of the cylindrical part 6. The inner part 16 represents a region of the second cylindrical wall 10 having the corresponding edge of the second cylindrical wall 10 that is located in the combustion chamber 3, up to the connection point of the second cylindrical wall 10 to the first conical wall 11. The outer part 17 is formed by the region of the second cylindrical wall 10 from the point where the second cylindrical wall 10 is connected to the first conical wall 11 to the edge of the second cylindrical wall 10, which is located outside the combustion chamber 3. The cylindrical part 6 is coaxial with the conical part 5 and with the combustion chamber 3. The second cylindrical wall 10 is connected to the edge, located outside the combustion chamber 3, having the second conical wall 9, which is described below.

The second conical wall 9 forms the confusor 7. The second conical wall 9 is embodied as the jacket face of a truncated cone. The greater diameter of the edge of the second conical wall 9 is identical in cross section to the diameter of the second cylindrical wall 10. The confusor 7 is disposed coaxially to the cylindrical part 6, the conical part 5, and the combustion chamber 3. The edge of the second conical wall 9 having the lesser diameter forms the second opening 8.

The ignition means 4 is located in the combustion chamber 3. As the ignition means 4, various spark plugs, torches or other devices can for instance be used for igniting the fuel-air mixture. The ignition means 4 is disposed in the fuel-air port 14. The first opening 2 is embodied in the first cylindrical wall 12. The first cylindrical wall 12 is joined in airtight fashion at the circumference of the first opening 2 to the fuel-air inlet port 14. The connection of the fuel-air inlet port 14 to the first cylindrical wall 12 is embodied such that the possibility of unhindered motion of the flows 13 of the fuel-air mixture is ensured.

The fuel-air inlet port 14 is embodied as a pipe segment. The fuel-air inlet port 14 is disposed tangentially to the first cylindrical wall 12. The axis of the fuel-air inlet port 14 is located in the plane which is perpendicular to the axis of the combustion chamber 3 and does not intersect the axis of the combustion chamber 3. The nozzle 15 is disposed in the fuel-air inlet port 14. The nozzle 15 is the device for fuel atomization.

The Invention Functions As Follows:

The fuel and the air flow into the combustion chamber 3 via the fuel-air inlet port 14. The fuel delivery can be effected by means of liquid-fuel or gaseous-fuel injection via the nozzle 15. The delivery of fuel and air can be ensured both together and separately. The fuel-air mixture occurs in the fuel-air inlet port 14 regardless of the type and manner of air and fuel delivery. After the response of the ignition means 4, the fuel-air mixture combusts in the combustion chamber 3, creating combustion residues. The combustion residues enter into the rotational flow in the combustion chamber 3, since the fuel-air inlet port 14 is disposed tangentially to the first cylindrical wall 12. The hollow cone 23 in the combustion chamber 3 forms the swirl angle of the combustion residues. During the rotary motion, combustion residues of the fuel-air mixture are intensively mixed.

The combustion residues exit from the combustion chamber 3 into the cylindrical part 6. The combustion residues continue their rotary motion in the cylindrical part 6. Because of the difference in diameter between the first cylindrical wall 12 and the second cylindrical wall 10, the speed of motion of the combustion residues is increased.

During the intensive rotation, the hot combustion residues flow out of the cylindrical part 6 and via the confusor 7 enter the furnace chamber of the thermal plants.

The confusor 7 at the end face of the cylindrical part 6 increases the flow resistance. Because of the increase in the flow resistance, the pressure in the cylindrical part 6 and in the combustion chamber 3 is increased. With the increase in pressure, the chemical reaction speed of the combustion residues also increases in proportion to it. In the process, the combustion efficiency of the fuel-air mixture is increased.

The hollow chamber 20 is formed by the second cylindrical wall 10 and the third cylindrical wall 19. A refrigerant circulates in the hollow chamber 20 via the inlet port 21 and the outlet port 18. The refrigerant also circulates in the hollow cone 23 via the inlet port 24 and outlet port 25. The refrigerant and the insulation material 22 represent the requisite delivery of heat in the operation of the apparatus for fuel combustion.

Thus the embodiment of the apparatus, with the combustion chamber 3 having the tangentially disposed fuel-air inlet port 14, the hollow cone 23, the conical part 5 and the cylindrical part 6, the inner part 16 and the outer part 17 disposed in the combustion chamber 3, and the confusor 7, ensures the increase in the combustion efficiency of the fuel-air mixture. 

The following are claimed:
 1. An apparatus for fuel combustion, having an end wall (1), a first cylindrical wall (12), a first conical wall (11), a fuel-air inlet port (14), a second cylindrical wall (10), a second conical wall (9), and an ignition means (4), wherein the first cylindrical wall (10) is embodied as round; the first conical wall (9) is embodied as the jacket face of a truncated cone; the first cylindrical wall (10) is connected on one end to the first conical wall (9) on the end of its greater diameter; the first cylindrical wall (10) and the first conical wall (9) are disposed coaxially; the end wall (1) is connected to the first cylindrical wall (10) along its edge on the end which is opposite the first conical wall (11); the ignition means (4) is located in the fuel-air inlet port (14); the fuel-air inlet port (14) is connected tangentially to the first cylindrical wall (12); the first opening (2) is embodied at the connection point of the fuel-air inlet port (14) and the first cylindrical wall (12); the second conical wall (9) is connected on the end of its greater diameter to the second cylindrical wall (10); the second cylindrical wall (10) and the second conical wall (9) are coaxial with the first cylindrical wall (12), and the end face is embodied circularly, WHEREIN, the first conical wall (11) is connected at its edge having the lesser diameter to the second cylindrical wall (10) in the middle part of its outer surface; the second cylindrical wall (10) is divided into an inner part (16) and an outer part (17); the inner part (16) is embodied by a region of the second cylindrical wall (10), specifically from the edge of the second cylindrical wall (10) that is located in the hollow chamber, embodied by the first cylindrical wall (12), the first conical wall (9), and a hollow cone (23), to the connection with the first conical wall (11); the outer part (17) is embodied by the region of the second cylindrical wall (10) from the connection point to the first conical wall (11) to the connection point to the second conical wall (9); a cylindrical hollow chamber (20) is embodied by a third cylindrical wall (19) and the second cylindrical wall (10); and the hollow cone (23) is embodied by the jacket face of the cone and the end wall (1).
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, WHEREIN, the first cylindrical wall (12) and the first conical wall (11) having the second cylindrical wall (10) and the second conical wall (9) are surrounded by a insulation material (22); between the first conical wall part (11) and the second cylindrical wall part (10) having the second conical wall part (9), a cylindrical hollow chamber (20) is formed, which is filled with a coolant; and the insulation material (22), in the vicinity of the cylindrical hollow chamber (20), is provided with an inlet port (21) and an outlet port (18) for the coolant.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, WHEREIN, the fuel-air inlet port (14) is oriented tangentially to the first cylindrical wall (12); and the nozzle (15) is built into the entrance to the fuel-air inlet port (14).
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, 2 or 3, WHEREIN, the ignition means (4) is introduced into the fuel-air inlet port (14) perpendicularly to the axis of the fuel-air inlet port (14).
 5. The apparatus of one of claims 1 through 4, WHEREIN, the edge of the second conical wall (9) having the lesser diameter forms a second opening (8), through which the combustion residues flow out from the cylindrical part (6).
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, WHEREIN, the second conical wall (9) forms a confusor (7), which is disposed coaxially to the cylindrical part (6), the combustion chamber (3), and a conical part (5) embodied by the first conical wall (11).
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, WHEREIN, the confusor (7) on the end face of the cylindrical part (6) increases the flow resistance and thus the pressure in the cylindrical part (6) and in the combustion chamber (3), in proportion to which increase in pressure the chemical reaction speed increases.
 8. The apparatus of one of the foregoing claims, WHEREIN, the axis of the fuel-air inlet port (14) does not intersect the axis of the combustion chamber (3) and is located in the plane which is perpendicular to the axis of the combustion chamber (3).
 9. The apparatus of one of claims 1 through 7, WHEREIN, the axis of the fuel-air inlet port (14) and the axis of the combustion chamber (3) are disposed in skewed fashion to one another.
 10. The apparatus of one of the foregoing claims, WHEREIN, spark plugs or torches are employed as ignition means (4).
 11. The apparatus of one of the foregoing claims, WHEREIN, the delivery of fuel is effected by means of liquid-fuel or gaseous-fuel injection.
 12. The apparatus of one of the foregoing claims, WHEREIN, the delivery of fuel and air is effected together or separately.
 13. The apparatus of one of the foregoing claims, WHEREIN, the hollow cone (23) in the combustion chamber (3) is definitive for the swirl angle of the combustion residues. 